COLO:L
Pertusaria alaskensis Erichsen
COLO-L-0032165 JoAnn W. Flock FL-1076 1980-07-20
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales, Cape Mt. near Bering Strait, 65.8 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles
COLO-L-0032166 John W. Thomson 3153 1947-07-26
United States, Michigan, Keweenaw, Mandan, Keweenaw Point
COLO:L
Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles
COLO-L-0032172 Shirley C. Tucker 7754 1968-12-15
United States, Louisiana, East Feliciana, Felixville, on parish road 432 north of Clinton
COLO:L
Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles
COLO-L-0032178 Irwin M. Brodo; J. Fabiszewski 14738A 1969-07-03
Canada, Ontario, Cochrane, at the mouth of the Moose River, northeast of Mossonee, 51.35 -80.5
COLO:L
Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles
COLO-L-0032184 Clifford M. Wetmore 39650 1979-07-12
United States, Minnesota, St. Louis, Voyageurs National Park, near end Grassy Bay off Sand Point Lake, 48.425 -92.650278
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032188 D. F. Murray; B. M. Murray 753 1966-11-01
Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador, Conception Bay, vic. of Portugal Cove
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032189 W.A. Weber; Sam Shushan, M.E. Hale S-2261 1953-11-27
United States, Colorado, Larimer, West Fork Little Thompson River, 10 mi. above Lyons, 2134m
COLO:L
Pertusaria brattiae Lumbsch & T.H. Nash
COLO-L-0032190 Charis C. Bratt 5169b 1995-10-28
United States, California, Santa Barbara, Elephant Seal Point, Santa Barbara Island, 33.4752 -119.0362
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032194 C.C. Plitt 11
United States, Oregon, Lane, Foley Springs
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032195 R.A. Anderson 3658 1962-08-27
United States, Colorado, Larimer, Rocky Mountain National Park, Lumpy Ridge, near the Twin Owls on trail to Gem Lake, 1.5 miles north of Lake Estes, 2469 - 2591m
COLO:L
Pertusaria brattiae Lumbsch & T.H. Nash
COLO-L-0032196 R.E. Riefner 86-27 1986-02-04
United States, California, San Luis Obispo, Morro Bay State Park, near the museum
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032200 I.M. Brodo; M.J. Shchepanek 11503 1967-07-14
Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands. Graham Island, Skidegate Inlet; point of land exactly W of the SW corner of Sandilands Island, 53.1666666667 -132.15
COLO:L
Pertusaria tejocotensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032201 Thomas H. Nash III 39232 1997-04-04
United States, Arizona, Santa Cruz, hillside south of Peña Blanca Lake along Ruby - Nogales Road, 31.3666667 -111.3666667, 1220m
COLO:L
Pertusaria brattiae Lumbsch & T.H. Nash
COLO-L-0032202 Charis Bratt 4847 1985-10-19
United States, California, Santa Barbara, N facing slope along trail to dock, Santa Barbara Island, 33.4752 -119.0362
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032206 F.P. Sipe 955 1937-02-08
United States, Oregon, Lane, Spencer Creek
COLO:L
Pertusaria tejocotensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032207 Thomas H. Nash III 8286 1973-11-11
United States, Arizona, Santa Cruz, Santa Rita Mountains, Bellows Spring, 31.7 -110.85, 2470m
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032208 R.D. Worthington 28816 2000-05-04
United States, New Mexico, Eddy, Guadalupe Mountains, 0.2-0.3 mile north of Devil's Den Spring, 32.043 -104.807, 2200m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032212 Diane Tracy 32882 1971-00-00
United States, Oregon, Lane, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, watershed 2, 457m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032213 Isabelle Tavares; Jane Bock 1864 1965-05-26
United States, California, Sonoma, 2.5 miles inland from Stewart's Point, 38.65576 -123.359127
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032214 W.A. Weber; Greg Kunkel L 56857 1973-01-08
United States, Arizona, Cochise, Chiricahua National Monument, trail from Sugarloaf to Echo Park
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032216 L.A. Viereck 5135 1961-07-24
United States, Alaska, ALASRA RANGE DISTRICT: Upper valley of the Swift Fork, of the East Fork of the Kuskokwim River (Tonzona River on some maps), 62.666667 -152.5, 1402m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032219 John W. Thomson 14689 1968-04-17
United States, Washington, Clallam, upper Storm King Trail
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032220 R.A. Anderson; S. Shushan S 18750 1959-06-05
United States, Texas, Brewster, Big Bend National Park, South Rim Trail to Emory Peak, Chisos Mountains, 1524 - 2134m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032225 Theodore L. Esslinger 60b 1968-10-19
United States, Oregon, Josephine, On Waldo Hill, several miles south of Cave Junction, 42.033333 -123.65, 671m
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032226 Sam Shushan S 9868 1955-06-13
United States, New Mexico, Rio Arriba, 3 miles northeast of Regina, west side of San Pedro Mountains, 2195m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032231 Grace E. Howard 4712 1956-08-15
United States, Oregon, Lane, Oakridge, 8 miles east of Blue Pool Camp.
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032232 David C. Lightfoot L 89324 1991-09-19
United States, New Mexico, Cibola, El Malpais National Monument, Oak Ridge, 2408m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032237 F.P. Sipe 108
United States, Oregon, [No locality data provided on the label.]
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032238 Clifford M. Wetmore 15115 1966-07-01
United States, New Mexico, McKinley, Cibola National Forest; across from Quaking Aspen Campground, 2286m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032243 A.W. Herre 4297 1949-08-09
United States, Washington, Whatcom, Deerhorn Creek, 274m
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032244 David C. Lightfoot L 89325 1992-05-28
United States, New Mexico, Cibola, El Malpais National Monument, Sandstone Bluffs, 2103m
COLO:L
Variolaria amara Ach.
COLO-L-0032246 Shirley C. Tucker 7750 1968-12-15
United States, Louisiana, East Feliciana, at Felixville, on parish road 432 about 8 mi. NE of Clinton.
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032249 F.P. Sipe 958 1937-02-00
United States, Oregon, near Eugene
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032250 R.A. Anderson 4026 1963-07-15
United States, Colorado, Larimer, Rocky Mountain National Park, Lumpy Ridge, near the Twin Owls on trail to Gem Lake, 1.5 miles north of Lake Estes, near the park boundary and just outside, 2438 - 2515m
COLO:L
Pertusaria subambigens Dibben
COLO-L-0032255 Irwin M. Brodo; M.J. Shchepanek 13140 1967-08-05
United States, Washington, Skagit, Mt. Erie, 8 miles south of Anacortes on Fildago Island, 48.416667 -122.666667, 396m
COLO:L
Pertusaria azulensis B. de Lesd.
COLO-L-0032256 R.A. Anderson 4080 1963-07-16
United States, Colorado, Larimer, Rocky Mount National Park: North of the Fall River entrance station, west base of McGregor Mtn, near Bighorn Creek, 2682 - 2804m
COLO:L
Pertusaria carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
COLO-L-0032545 June Dunbar s.n. 1954-09-15
United States, Alaska, Nome, Cape Nome, 12 miles east of Nome, 64.4375 -165.00638889, 122m
COLO:L
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck.
COLO-L-0032546 W.W. Calkins 80
United States, Florida, no additional information given
COLO:L
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck.
COLO-L-0032547 W.W. Calkins 178
United States, Florida, no additional information given
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032548 L.A. Viereck; A. Bucknell 4445 1960-08-02
United States, Alaska, BERING STRAIT DISTRICT: Ukinyik Creek Drainage including the high ridges on either side of the valley., 68.716667 -165.75, 610m
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032549 Thomas H. Nash III 13120 1976-07-00
United States, Alaska, North Slope Borough, Anaktuvuk Pass in the Endicott Mountains of the Brooks Range, 68.1333333 -151.75, 790m
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032550 H.E. Hasse 48 1911-00-00
United States, California, Catalina Island
COLO:L
Pertusaria carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
COLO-L-0032551 L.A. Viereck 8318 1967-07-20
United States, Alaska, Fairbanks North Star, Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest west of Fairbanks, 64.77 -148.27, 435m
COLO:L
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck.
COLO-L-0032552 W.W. Calkins s.n. 1886-00-00
United States, Florida, no additional information given
COLO:L
Pertusaria concreta Nyl.
COLO-L-0032553 R.A. Anderson; Sam Shushan S 29069 1960-08-24
United States, Kansas, Greenwood, ca. 11 miles northwest of Fredonia, 37.646637 -95.968874
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032554 L. Viereck; A. Bucknell 4479 1960-08-04
United States, Alaska, BERING STRAIT DISTRICT: Ukinyik Creek Drainage including the high ridges on either side of the valley, Cape Lewis, Mt. Hamlet, 68.716667 -165.75, 610m
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032555 Sam Shushan; W.J. Maher 5257 1958-07-09
United States, Alaska, North Slope, along the Kaolak River, south of Wainright, 69.933333 -159.95
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032556 W.A. Weber; R. Santesson L 42877 1966-04-17
United States, California, Los Angeles, San Clemente Island, west-trending canyon running seaward toward Lost Point, west slope just northwest of Thirst, 32.86 -118.48, 457m
COLO:L
Pertusaria californica Dibben
COLO-L-0032557 Joseph P. Tracy 12511 1993-06-06
United States, California, Humboldt, Trinidad, 9m
COLO:L
Pertusaria plittiana Erichsen
COLO-L-0032558 William W Calkins 89
United States, Tennessee, Hamilton, Lookout Mt.
COLO:L
Pertusaria copiosa Erichsen
COLO-L-0032559 Shirley C. Tucker 7750 1968-12-15
United States, Louisiana, East Feliciana, at Felixville, on parish road 432 about 8 mi. NE of Clinton.
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032560 William A. Weber; Les A. Viereck S 7120 1956-07-25
United States, Alaska, Denali, Mt. McKinley National Park, northwest slope to summit of Mt. Eielson (Copper Mountain), 63.416667 -150.333333, 1067 - 1676m
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032561 J.W. Flock FL-1051 1978-06-08
United States, Alaska, Cape Prince of Whales, lower slope of Cape Mt, behind village of Wales, 65.8 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032562 G. Einar; Greta du Rietz S 12255 1926-06-09
United States, California, southern California, Torrey Pines
COLO:L
Pertusaria californica Dibben
COLO-L-0032563 R.E. Riefner 86-158a 1986-04-20
United States, California, Sonoma, Duncan's Landing on Route 1
COLO:L
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck.
COLO-L-0032564 G.K. Merrill L 79982 1912-03-30
United States, Maine, Rockland
COLO:L
Pertusaria copiosa Erichsen
COLO-L-0032565 Shirley C. Tucker 11093 1973-03-08
United States, Louisiana, St. Helena, 4.7 mi. N-NE of Chipola, on west side of gravel road (parish road 1044).
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032566 John W. Thomson; S. Shushan & J. Koranda L 41912 1958-07-29
United States, Alaska, North Slope, Franklin Bluffs on the Sagavanirktok River, 69.833333 -148.25
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032567 JoAnn W. Flock FL-882 1979-07-20
United States, Alaska, Nome, Seward Peninsula: Cape Prince of Wales, Cape Mt. facing Bering Strait, 65.8 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032568 W.A. Weber; R. Santesson L 42607 1966-04-15
United States, California, Los Angeles, San Clemente Island, between Eel Point and Seal Cove, west shore of the island, 32.912272 -118.5401, 30 - 61m
COLO:L
Pertusaria californica Dibben
COLO-L-0032569 W.A. Weber; G. Kunkel s.n. 1975-03-12
United States, California, Marin, just S of Stinson Beach, 37.90056 -122.64333, 200m
COLO:L
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck.
COLO-L-0032570 Clara E. Cummings; Emma Teller L 79881 1893-07-03
United States, Maine, No. Lubec, 44.88 -67.035
COLO:L
Pertusaria copiosa Erichsen
COLO-L-0032571 Shirley C. Tucker 18464 1979-03-16
United States, Louisiana, East Feliciana, Idlewild Experimental Farm, about 3 miles SE of Clinton., 30.8 -90.75
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032572 Sam Shushan; W.J. Maher S 25865 1958-07-09
United States, Alaska, North Slope, along the Kaolak River, south of Wainright, 69.933333 -159.95
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032573 JoAnn W. Flock FL-2052 1978-06-11
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales. Cape Mountain, above village of Wales, 65.78333 -168, 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032574 W.G. Farlow L 47079 1885-02-00
United States, California, San Diego
COLO:L
Pertusaria californica Dibben
COLO-L-0032575 W.A. Weber 8103 1953-03-22
United States, California, Marin, Point Reyes headland, 183m
COLO:L
Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck.
COLO-L-0032576 John Macoun s.n. 1892-04-27
Canada, Ontario, Ottawa
COLO:L
Pertusaria copiosa Erichsen
COLO-L-0032577 O.E. Jennings; G.K. Jennings L-76629 1929-12-29
United States, Florida, Ft. Meade
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032578 L.A. Viereck; A. Bucknell 4662B 1960-08-23
United States, Alaska, Bering Strait District, Vicinity of Kukpuk River, outcrops of Angmakroq Mt., 68.233333 -165.416667, 91 - 427m
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032579 JoAnn Flock FL-884 1980-06-27
United States, Alaska, Nome, Seward Peninsula: Cape Prince of Wales, Upper grassy flanks of Cape Mt. below large bench. Above village of Wales., 65.48 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032580 W.A. Weber; R. Santesson L 42128 1966-04-07
United States, California, Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, Arrow Point, north shore west of the Isthmus, 61m
COLO:L
Pertusaria californica Dibben
COLO-L-0032581 Sam Shushan S 14807 1957-08-24
United States, California, San Mateo, Pilarcitos Creek Canyon
COLO:L
Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032582 Herbert C. Hanson 45 1950-06-29
United States, Alaska, near Nome
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032583 Linna Müller-Wille; Ludger Müller s.n. 1973-08-00
Canada, Nunavut, Kivalliq Region, NORTHWEST TERRITORY: Repulse Bay, northwest coast of Hudsons Bay, on the Arctic circle, 66.533 -86.25
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032584 William A. Weber S23627 1959-08-16
Canada, Nunavut, Kivalliq Region, Coral Harbor, Southampton Island, mouth of Hudson Bay, 64.14 -83.17
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032585 JoAnn W. Flock FL-1050 1980-07-11
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales, Puvik, 65.8 -168, 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032586 W.A. Weber; R. Santesson L 42955 1966-04-04
United States, California, Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, Ballast Point, Catalina Harbor, south side of island
COLO:L
Pertusaria californica Dibben
COLO-L-0032587 R.E. Riefner 86-214 1987-06-01
United States, California, Sonoma, along Route 1 at Carlevaro Road
COLO:L
Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032588 Paul Schallert 300 1956-03-25
United States, Florida, Seminole, home of Paul Schallert, Altamonte Springs
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032589 Thomas H. Nash III 130913 1976-07-00
United States, Alaska, North Slope Borough, Anaktuvuk Pass in the Endicctt Mountains of the Brooks Range, 68.133333 -151.75, 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032590 William A. Weber s.n. 1959-08-13
Canada, Nunavut, District of Franklin: Cambridge Bay,Victoria Island, 69 -105
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032591 JoAnn W. Flock FL-885 1980-06-30
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales, across Village Creek near Razorback, 65.8 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032593 Thomas H. Nash III 13091 1976-07-00
United States, Alaska, North Slope Borough, Anaktuvuk Pass in the Endicott Mountains of the Brooks range. On mosses of food plains., 68.133333 -151.75, 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
COLO-L-0032594 W.A. Weber L 33798 1962-08-25
United States, Oregon, Clackamas, Government Camp, Mt. Hood National Forest, 1158m
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032595 JoAnn W. Flock FL-2015 1980-07-11
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales, north of Village Creek., 65.783333 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032596 Ernst Almquist 1878-80 1879-07-21
United States, Alaska, Vega Expedition: Port Clarence in Bering Strait, 65.25 -166.5
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032597 William A. Weber S23686 1959-08-16
Canada, Nunavut, Kivalliq Region, Coral Harbor, Southampton Island, mouth of Hudson Bay, 64.14 -83.17
COLO:L
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck.
COLO-L-0032598 T.H. Nash III 6910 1973-02-23
United States, California, San Diego, Torrey Pines State Park, 30m
COLO:L
Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032599 JoAnn W. Flock FL-2051 1980-06-30
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales. North of Village Creek, 65.78333 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
COLO-L-0032600 W.N. Suksdorf 427 1894-07-00
United States, Washington, Skamania, Butterfly Lake west of Ice Cave
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032601 John W. Thomson; J.A. Larsen 5942 1959-07-19
Canada, Nunavut, hillslope at Parsons Lake, east of Backhouse Point on the east side of Chantry Inlet, 67.45 -95.166667
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032602 Vagn Alstrup s.n. 1975-08-10
Greenland, Head of Nordfjord, 69.933333 -54.283333
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032603 L. Viereck; A. Bucknell 4672 1960-08-23
United States, Alaska, Bering Strait District: Vicinity of the Kukpuk River including steep slopes and ridges to the east of the river; Angamarkroq Mt., 68.237778 -165.425, 91 - 427m
COLO:L
Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032605 JoAnn W. Flock FL-881 1978-06-13
United States, Alaska, Nome, SEWARD PENINSULA: Cape Prince of Wales, Cape Mt. above Village Creek, 65.8 -168, 0 - 700m
COLO:L
Pertusaria carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
COLO-L-0032606 William A. Weber; Les A. Viereck S 7275 1956-07-29
United States, Alaska, Denali, Mt. McKinley National Park, southwest shore of Wonder Lake, 63.466667 -150.916667, 549m
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032607 James A. Erdman 622 1968-02-08
United States, Alaska, Aleutians West, Amchitka Island, Aleutian Chain: south of Engineer Camp, 51.37 179.39, 46m
COLO:L
Pertusaria coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
COLO-L-0032608 Mason E. Hale Jr 413 1950-07-02
Canada, Nunavut, Northwest Territories (sic), Baffin Island, Head of Clyde Fiord, 69.84 -70.4
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032609 John W. Thomson; S. Shushan & J. Koranda S 25898 1958-07-29
United States, Alaska, North Slope, Franklin Bluffs on the Sagavanirktok River, 69.833333 -148.25
COLO:L
Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
COLO-L-0032610 John W. Thomson; J.A. Larsen, K.G. Foote 14158 1963-07-30
Canada, Nunavut, Keewatin Region, south end of Dubawnt Lake, 62.716667 -101.5